![]() To each calibrator and control, 50 µL (1.0 ng/g) of internal standard solution and 5.5 mL of acetonitrile was added. Four controls were prepared by adding 0 µL (negative), 25 µL (0.5 ng/g), 50 µL (1.0 ng/g), and 500 µL (10 ng/g) to four 1.0 g aliquots of the certified negative pool in 50-mL screw topped polypropylene conical tubes. The single point calibrator (1.0 ng/g), was prepared by the addition of 50 µL of calibrator spiking solution to a 1.0 g aliquot of the certified negative pool in a 50-mL screw topped polypropylene conical tube. Due to the severity of the consequences, a reliable confirmation method that exhibits a high degree of specificity, such as LCMSMS, is required for UC to be considered as an adequate alternative matrix for newborn drug screening. The study demonstrated a 96.6% agreement between UC and meconium for the amphetamines drug class.Ī positive UC test may ultimately lead to intervention by social services, which could include litigation, forced rehabilitation and/or loss of parental rights. A recently published study indicated that amphetamines immunoassay testing performed on UC demonstrated excellent agreement with matched meconium pairs. The detection of buprenorphine and metabolites was recently reported in UC. The interpretation that the detection of benzoylecgonine in UC was proof of cocaine use by the mother during pregnancy was upheld on appeal to the South Carolina Supreme Court. ![]() In 2003, the detection of drug metabolite in UC was used to provide evidence of a mother's drug history during pregnancy. The detection of cocaine and metabolites in UC has been previously described in the literature. Because the UC collection procedure has a single donor and a single collector present the integrity of the specimen’s chain of custody is greatly improved. UC collection has a single step procedure, whereas meconium collection may have up to 6–7 cumulative collections by multiple collectors and with multiple donors in the near vicinity. All newborns have sufficient UC for testing, while the most prevalent reason for meconium specimen rejection is due to insufficient quantity of specimen. The specimen is in route to the lab while the newborn is passing meconium. ![]() UC is available for testing immediately after birth. UC has several distinct advantages over meconium as a specimen for drug testing newborns. UC, formed from fetal origins during the first five weeks of gestation, is a tether protecting the vessels that connect the fetus to the placenta. As one cause of fetal stress is exposure to drugs and alcohol in the womb, identification of drug and alcohol exposure for this group is of great importance. Secondly, 10–15% of newborns pass their meconium in utero because of fetal stress. First, some newborns may not pass their meconium for several days, therefore increasing undesirable turn-around-time and cost. Meconium testing has two distinct disadvantages. īecause of its lengthy window of detection and relative ease of collection, meconium, the first fecal material passed by a newborn, has been the testing matrix of choice for identifying newborns that have been exposed to drugs and alcohol in utero for the past two decades. ![]() Use of methamphetamine by pregnant mothers increases the risk of premature delivery and placental abruption. AMP and MAMP are central nervous system stimulants. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LCMSMS) method for the detection of amphetamine (AMP) and methamphetamine (MAMP) in umbilical cord (UC) is described for the first time.
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